How did nuclear weapons affect the dynamics of the Cold War Essay - 1

How did nuclear weapons affect the dynamics of the Cold War - Essay Example During this period, Cold War revolutionized global approaches to war. Military growth and development became the subject of the day, especially in both Eastern and Western blocs. High tension also became evident as United States and the Soviet Union embarked on a bid to arm themselves with nuclear weapons. A significant rise in the production of nuclear weapons was anticipated following the end of World War II. Both Eastern and Western blocs feared the emergence of yet another world war as time went by. This fear accelerated arming in both United States and the Soviet Union. These two countries had taken their respective positions as global superpowers, an aspect that fuelled the emergence of Cold War. Over the years, the two countries would accumulate weapons of mass destruction without necessarily engaging in physical war-like attacks. Cold War was a significant factor in shaping war trends across the globe. The Soviet Union consolidated the Eastern bloc while the United States of America did the same on the Western bloc. During this time, no fighting of significant scale was reported. In other words, the war was literally cold even though it lasted for decades. Based on these observations, the Cold War exhibited critical dynamics, most of which were subject to the influence of nuclear weapons. Weapons of mass destruction undoubtedly come with consequences that do not only affect the attacked party, but also the attacker. Atomic energy that is out of control carries devastating and catastrophic implications. With two nuclear-armed nations in a standoff, it was evident that the victims would comprise of more than just the warring parties would. In fact, memories of World War II reveal just how destructive atomic bombs and nuclear weapons are. In the context of war, a repeat of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki attack was an experience that warring nations would rather avoid (Miller,

Summary of consumer insights and consumer media profile of Kit Kat for Essay

Summary of consumer insights and consumer media profile of Kit Kat for China - Essay Example Its economic growth can be regarded to be slow despite the stability in its trends. The stability of business growth in a country can be attributed to good international policies and relationships with other foreign countries (Chow 211). It has expanded the boundary of its business associates as well as partners. For instance, recently, the country has entered into several business deals with other foreign countries and multinational companies to widen its demand pool. However, its economy is on a slow growing trend, an issue that is of great concern with others counter plating that the country’s economy would likely face a deep fall if the issue is not reverted. Slow economic growth can be associated with inadequate advertisement strategies. This work focuses on limitations as far as media business adverts are concerned. China imposes a lot of restrictions in the media business adverts. Such restrictions are meant to limit chances of consumers being misled by the economy sect or. For instance, it does not allow the mentioning of certain foreign companies, medical institutions, among other elements in media adverts. Medical sector is meant to contribute a good portion to the general national economy, but inadequate medical adverts may force the citizens to seek medical services from foreign medical facilities with comprehensive adverts. The country does not permit business adverts interrupting television dramas among other programs. Business adverts on televisions are considered among the best advertising platform as it targets huge populations, and the advert is more likely to be viewed by majority of people since more Chinese tend to watch TV dramas compared to other programs. China has got several cultural as well as social values that tend to limit media adverts. For instance, children below the age of 14 should not watch several adverts associated with sexual or even alcohol contents. Furthermore, children below the age of 14 should not be featured i n such adverts. China is strict on the language used in the adverts. For instance, the country discourages adverts in other language other than its native Chinese which may not be understood by the majority of the foreigners (Joseph 177). All these limitations in media adverts tend to discourage consumers from purchasing Chinese and other foreign countries’ products. Customers tend to develop negative attitudes towards such products just because of the incompetency in the media adverts. Such limitations also tend to discourage multinational companies from investing in China due to low demand, which is attributed by inadequate or limited advertisement strategies (Kelley 43). China has lost major foreign business partners due to its restrictions on the use of language, materials or personnel from foreign countries in the adverts of its products. Its limitations in its media adverts could have negative effects on its economy but Chinese culture is greatly preserved. China realiz ed that majority of children could be compelled to imitate the concepts or ideas portrayed in the adverts; this would make them lose their originality which is a very vital component in any Chinese lives. Part 2: Consumer insight and media profile Several studies indicate that college age young adults form the largest proportion of chocolates, candy and biscuits among other snacks consumers in China and other countries as well. Kit Kat is a kind of snack that comprises of

Songs of Silence - Nathan Essay Example for Free

Songs of Silence Nathan Essay Use the character Nathan to discuss the ways in which Forbes presents the theme of Silence.  In the book ‘Songs of Silence’, the character Nathan is man of simple pleasures. His kind of silence as pertaining to the book was one of never knowing what to expect or what his true intentions were. It was a silence of pure evil yet with purposeful good intentions. This is seen when he seeks revenge after his kite was broken by his brother earlier that day. Before going to bed, he performed his bedtime ritual of kneeling by his bedside and saying his prayers then proceeded to his older brother, Tony, and poked him in the eye and without a word went to bed an fell asleep. That action was unexpected but well deserved. Nathan was very observant. He was also a determined young man. It is seen in the way he would handle negotiations with his siblings. It was almost like you would have to give into his demands because it was his way or the highway, take it or leave it, that type of thing. So if it was a situation where you needed something from him you would then have to meet the requirements of payment or not have whatever it is taken care of and that would be his final answer. You could say he was a stubborn person but he stood up for what he felt he believed in. This is also seen in his later years as an adult. As a security guard he abided by the rules and stood up for what was right. He didn’t allow the thought of material things cloud the duties he had to fulfill, and in doing this he lost a leg but was quite content in the down to earth life style he lived after settling a generous financial deal. For Nathan the need for a companion was never at all necessary. He needed only himself. He found self-fulfillment of being satisfied with what he had and had no need for anything more. Forbes drew a reference to this by stating, â€Å"If bone could suffice, there was no need for flesh,† (page: 31 fourth paragraph). That statement alone shows us how content yet tight Nathan was. Tight in the sense that when he was owed something he would make sure of it that he got repaid. Also, when it came to money he only spent what it is he knew he needed. Other than that the money would forever stay in his pocket. There were many ‘types’ of silence interpreted in the book ‘Songs of Silence’. Nathan’s silence in particular was one which brought about question. Why was he so quiet all the time? Was something troubling him that he had to take a great deal of time to figure it out? Or was it because he had no interest in earthly pleasures. In conclusion, Curdella Forbes uses Nathan’s silence to epitomize self-content; being happy with the company of one’s self.

Compare and Contrast 1984-Brave New World Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast 1984-Brave New World Essay â€Å" Do you see, then, what kind of world we are creating? † (Orwell, 1950 p. 267)George Orwell, author of 1984 released in 1950, present the idea of a society that proves to be a dystopia as it is completely based on fear and rarely does one see happiness while in the other hand, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World presents the idea of a functional utopia were feelings are destroyed and no one is unhappy because they don’t know happiness but all this could change by the hands of one outcast. These two societies ruled in different ways-one through fear and the other through psychological and physical manipulation- present successful ways to maintain order and power, although they differ greatly and outcasts have different aims and uses. In a society where fear is predominant, physical and mental capacities reach a stagnant state as the will to survive and loyalty become predominant. In a different society where men are created to the liking of their rulers and are controlled with drugs instead of fear, the meaning of a utopia can disappear but yet subjects will think everything is perfect. Finally a sense of false equality, manipulation, and fear allow total and utter control. In societies like the ones depicted in these two books, nothing is perfect and nothing is true. Members of these communities cannot know what is true because this will make them become dangerous to their leaders. The use of fear in 1984 and the idea of Big Brother facilite control as the idea of constant surveillance and Thought Police puts everything a member of this society does to the test and when they make a false move, they know they are done for. The scene where Winston talks about two plus two not being for or if Gravity is a force that works really depicts the kind of fear installed by the party. â€Å"The heresy of heresies was common sense. And what was terrifying was not only that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might be right. For, after all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? † (Orwell, 1950 p. 80). As explained by the quote, doubting whatever the party said could end up in negative ramifications. It is incredible how people can adjust to these changes. Things that seem so simple be questioned and believed, which is even worse. The mutability of the party’s adherents is astonishing as they change whenever the part needs them to follow the most ridiculous ideas as if they were normal and all of this is achieved through fear. Winston also mentions the fact that your mind can fail you. â€Å"The most deadly danger of all was talking in your sleep. There was no way of guarding against that, so far as he could see. † (Orwell, 1950 p. 64). Even thinking erroneously about the parties flaws and going against their ideas can be lethal as sleep talking cannot be controlled and can always be heard. The third example of fear and its installment in Winston’s mind is when he receives the letter from Julia. â€Å"One, much the more likely, was that the girl was an agent of the Thought Police (†¦) the thing that was written on the paper might be a threat, a summon, an order to commit suicide, a trap of some description. (Orwell, 1950 p. 106). This displays how fear can make something normal seem completely hazardous and how reliance on others can be purged as you do not know what to expect from anyone. Even though people may be unhappy, this demonstrates to be successful as no one goes against the status quo. In contrast to 1984, Brave New World doesn’t need fear since if they want change, they create new beings to change or just bring out soma but still, control is maintained. Physical and psychological manipulation gives a sense of order even though it is non-existent, and drug use maintains a false control that seems alright to everyone inside that sphere however, when someone notices this false control, he will become a problem. In Huxley’s Brave New World, which is supposed to be a Utopia, equality is not present and this is what a utopia is supposed to be about. Within the social classes, the top ones still think of the lower ones as useless and basically inferior. Lenina demonstrates this through the following quote. â€Å"What a hideous colour khaki is,† remarked Lenina, voicing the hypnopaedic prejudices of her caste. † (Huxley, 1946, p. 42). This quote demonstrates that even messages coming from the government promote separatist ideas and at the same time they promote equality. Drug use and psychological manipulation allows this to maintain epsilons happy with how they are, also maintaining absolute control over society. Hypnopaedia as seen before, doesn’t always promote the values of a Utopia as it should. Another hypnopaedic message demonstrating this is â€Å"Every one works for everyone else. We can’t do without any one. Even Epsilons are useful. We couldn’t do without Epsilons. Every one works for everyone else. We can’t do without anyone. † (Huxley, 1946, p. 50). The use of Soma is a very important factor as it is a way of escaping the reality of a supposed utopia that in reality is everything but a utopia. â€Å"Why you don’t take soma when you have these dreadful ideas of yours. You’d forget all about them. And instead of feeling miserable, you’d be jolly. So jolly,† she repeated and smiled (†¦)† (Huxley, 1946, p. 62). It is very important to realize how this method of control still proves to be successful and allows organization for the government to preserve. Whether it’s installing fear, secret organizations, and complete surveillance or actually creating subjects, it is evident that both methods are thriving as they sustain order and undemanding management of society. Winston, who was the soul and heart of change in 1984 , ended up failing and the idea, person, or whatever Big Brother is, who he hated the most actually ended up taking over him and it is mentioned in the novel. He won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. † (Orwell, 1950 p. 268) The only man who was capable of causing change and denouncing the artificiality his government was based on. Fear has now proved to be a functioning method of control. In comparison to Brave New World, the outsider and only man capable of making others realize the lie they lived in ended up killing himself. â€Å"Slowly, very slowly, like two unhurried compass needles, the feet turned towards the right; north, north-east, east, south-east, south, south-south- west; then paused, and, after a few seconds, turned as unhurriedly back towards the left. South-south-west, south, south-east, east.. † (Huxley, 1946 p. 176) This also verifies the effectiveness of this method and according to this, both men failed to change the status quo. By the end of both novels, no change was made and both fear and manipulation proved to be effective ways of maintaining control. As the predominance of both fear and manipulation grow, methods of changing society and its governance method become scarce and even those who go to extremes find themselves with unfeasible situations where physical and mental capacity will be pushed to new limits but yet, not enough to revolutionize their societies. This is mainly due to most of those who have been subjected and accepted the reality in which they live in, which is what both Winston and John go through but their ways to accept it, were vastly different. Even though there are some with strong minds and others who have not been toyed with, it will never be enough to fight fear nor manipulation of the human being.

Comparing James Joyces Araby and Ernest Hemingways A Clean, Well-Ligh

Comparing James Joyce's Araby and Ernest Hemingway's A Clean, Well-Lighted Place As divergent as James Joyce's "Araby" and Ernest Hemingway's "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" are in style, they handle many of the same themes. Both stories explore hope, anguish, faith, and despair. While "Araby" depicts a youth being set up for his first great disappointment, and "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" shows two older men who have long ago settled for despair, both stories use a number of analogous symbols, and lap over each other thematically. At the beginning of "Araby", the narrator describes the street's lamps as lifting their "feeble lanterns" towards an "ever-changing violet" sky (227). The colour violet is both dark and rich. The sky, this deep, mysterious colour, and always mutating, suggests the expanse of unknown beyond mortal experience. The feeble lights which fail to lick the lowest tufts of cloud resemble the people who look out into the fog of unanswerable questions; who can never hope to find anything but the shapes one reads in, like hillside skywatchers. The narrator's character goes around looking up. First at Mangan's sister: from the shadow, from the floor, and from the subordinate position of an admirer. Then, more metaphorically, he looks up to an image he's built for himself; an expectation of beauty and treasures; an enthusiastic hope or hopeful enthusiasm that his pilgrimage to Araby will yield him if not the answer (to the question which manifests as a nameless longing), then the key to the answer. This answer is represented by Mangan's sister (whose name is not mentioned, as with the Hebrew G-d), whom the boy hopes to access through the gesture of his quest.1 At the end, the boy looks up again, like the l... ...othing in it. Hemingway's old man walks away from the bar with dignity, but with hope long vanished. The older waiter, another faithless man, is resigned to nothingness. His mockery of Christian prayer is not angry, but spoken with a smile and a sigh. However, as indicated by his insomnia, Nada is a cold bedfellow. Works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place". Kirszner and Mandell 233. Joyce, James. "Araby". Kirszner and Mandell 226. Kirszner, Laurie, and Stephen Mandell, eds. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Compact Fourth Edition. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2000. 1This character may also stand as a sexual symbol. The bracelet she handles when she speaks of the convent may suggest that she is shackled to Catholic prudery. In any case, she still stands as "the desired", physically or metaphysically.

Online Reporting, Discussion, Activism and Emerging Democracies :: Internet Blogs Communities Politics

Online Reporting, Discussion, Activism and Emerging Democracies In the rise to prominence of weblogs and other social software, Jim Moore and Joi Ito see a fundamental transformation in how people act, interact and make decisions. In essays first published in 2003 - Jim Moore's The Second Superpower Rears Its Beautiful Head[1] and Joi Ito's Emergent Democracy[2] - they paint hopeful, if sometimes vague, pictures of how Internet communities can show us techniques and tactics that could radically change real-world politics. Where I'm uncomfortable with both essays is the fact that they extrapolate from the behavior of the people currently using the Internet to make generalizations about how a larger world might use these tools. My work for the past few years, helping spread information technology in developing nations, has convinced me that technology transfer is much more complicated than bringing tools to people who previously lacked them. I think it's worth taking a close look at what happens when we try to include the developing world in the models Ito and Moore put forward - in other words, "Is there room for the third world in the second superpower?" Moore's Second Superpower suggests that a group of people are changing democracy by using a three-part model for social engagement - collect information, comment and debate, then act. These three steps are all being transformed by new technologies. While we continue to be informed by mass media, we're also getting information from alternative media, published cheaply on the Net, and from personal accounts in weblogs. We're debating and commenting in entirely new ways, enabled by weblogs, discussion groups, instant messaging and mailing lists. And we're discovering that these tools also make some forms of action more efficient: fundraising, protesting, and organizing face to face "meetups". Ito's Emergent Democracy focuses on the third, "action" phase, and suggests that forms of decision-making emerging from the world of weblogs might lead to a viable form of direct democracy. In the way that ideas percolate from personal networks, to social networks, to large, political networks, reinforced by positive feedback loops, Joi sees a possible path for decision-making to move from individual thinking to group action. While Moore and Ito have justifiable enthusiasm about the phenomena we're seeing emerge from interconnected communities - the growth of weblogs as an alternative to "mainstream" media, the success of grassroots campaigning in the United States - this enthusiasm needs to be tempered by some skepticism about who is currently using social software, and who has potential to use it.

Personal Narrative- Shoulder Injury :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Shoulder Injury I felt it pop, and pain engulfed my shoulder like ants cover an anthill that has been stirred with a stick. It made me angry, but it didn't help things to get mad. There was nothing I could do but try to recover in time to start over. Giving up wasn't an option. My junior year in high school, I went out for basketball. I liked it for a while, but when games started I was on JV. It was okay, but I was only getting to play two minutes per game. This didn't make me very happy. With all the time that I was putting in to play, it just wasn't worth it. My dad told me to just stick it out. Some of my friends told me that I should just switch to wrestling. I didn't know if this was possible, so I talked to the coach. The coach said he would be glad to have me on the team, but I would have to talk to the counselor. I talked to him and explained why I wanted to switch sports and he gave me the go ahead. There was only one thing standing in my way: how was I going to persuade my parents to let me wrestle. I talked to my dad about it and he said that if that was really what I wanted to do then that would be fine. I decided that I would play one more game of basketball and if things didn't get better, I would switch. Things didn't get better. I went in o nce for two minutes. I got my weight certified and started wrestling over Christmas break. My first practice was horrible. The head gear straps made my head raw and I got my butt kicked. I didn't know anything compared to the other guys in the 135 weight group. I learned a lot from them, though, and as time progressed, I got better and could actually wrestle with them. I found that there were some moves that wouldn't work on me, because my shoulders were very flexible. It was great, because some kids were afraid that they were tearing up my shoulders, so, they wouldn't use some of the techniques that they regularly would have. Finally, I had enough practices to wrestle in a meet. I was nervous, because it was my very first meet, and it was a varsity meet that our JV was going to.

Explore How Arthur Miller Portrays John Proctor Essay

John Proctor is the protagonist in the Crucible. The story revolves around him and shows how one man battle with his own self conscience. It is set in Salem with a strong puritan community surrounding the story throughout and gives puritan views on every scenario shown. The story was true and closely researched by Arthur Miller including factual characters. The episode set between February 1692 and May 1693 has been used as a vivid cautionary tale about the dangers of religious extremism, false accusations, governmental intrusion and false pretences. However to help the story appeal to a wider audience Arthur added a love affair into the plot. This was the biggest change from the original story and added another genre to it creating a more interesting and in depth version of a factual set of events. The overall feel to the plot is closely linked to the House Committee of Un-American Activities (HUAC) in which McCarthyism, the politically motivated practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence was used. It started in the late 1940’s and was characterized by heightened fears of communist influence on American institutions and espionage by Soviet agents. It died down in the late 1950’s but inter twines throughout the plot of The Crucible and uses real scenarios from history. The title of the story sums up the conclusion of John Proctors life on a whole. A crucible is a pot used to burn impure objects, as they come out clean and pure once heated. This is a metaphor for the whole village of Salem as after the event they see the error of there ways and act like puritans again. This can also be seen throughout the story as John Proctor has the impurities of his affair with Abigail and then is relieved of this sin at the end when he chooses to be truthful and accepts to do what everyone who likes him wants. This is also what his wife wants as she would prefer him to be dead and forgiven than live and be living a lie. John Proctor was not a typical puritan. He had a sharp and biting way with hypocrites and was a man who stuck to his guns. His outspoken mannerisms could some times cause friction, for example with Putnam as he tells â€Å"I seen none children dying, this society will not be a bag to swing around your head†. This is a prime example of what Proctor is best at. Taking a look at all the evidence and then making a clear and clever conclusion from it and choosing who to blame. If you were stupid he enhanced your stupidity further by making you feel small. Arthur tells us in his notes that if a character told a stupid or blatantly obvious fact then Proctor would make them seem stupid by pointing out errors or miss judgements. This was a characteristic that won a lot of respect for John Proctor, but also made him a lot of enemies. Another reason why John is not a stereotypical puritan is the affair with Abigail. Abigail was made to be shown as a young, nasty, malicious girl who had once had an affair with Proctor but had never let it go. She uses her cunning words to tempt John back to her and reminds him of the times spent together. Miller uses warm heat imagery here and later on in the play when Proctor is with Abbie, yet again linking back to hell and religion. She tells him of how she remembers â€Å"clutching my back behind your house and sweating like a stallion whenever I come near. Or did I just dream that? I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now! † This lets John reminisce about the times he had with her and the fun that occurred. She then goes on to tell and contrast heat imagery with him burning in loneliness while with Elizabeth and that â€Å"he is no wintry man†. This section is the start of the tragic hero genre for Proctor as the readers and viewers see he’s not so perfect and has deep dark secrets of his own. The audience in this time period would have been shocked with the adultery theme being added, and as a result would have been more interested. The next main event involving John in the story has to be the biggest turning point. As he is in the court he exclaims loudly to everyone as the pressure has built up that he has known Abigail. As mentioned earlier this would have stunned the audience and sent them into shock and horror. Adding an adult theme into the story showed more depth and emotion in Arthurs writing, enhancing Proctors darker side and opening him up to the village. On the other hand this only furthers John’s many talents by giving him the courage to admit it. During this scene John’s wife plays a vital and negative role on his life by adding his downfall. To the contrast of Abigail, Arthur uses cold and shallow heat imagery when describing John’s time with her. â€Å"Its winter in here yet† has to fully describe the relationship between proctor and Elizabeth. The quick, blunt and emotionless dialogue between them proves this as well as the stage directions of Elizabeth receiving a kiss from Proctor, almost as if it was a chore. The cold heat imagery here is in total contrast compared to Abigail. As if because she’s younger and more tempting then the hot heat represents Hell and the temptation. While the cold heat represents the dead relationship with Elizabeth. Before Elizabeth enters, John tells the court of how she would never lie and is a good, pure puritan. She then enters, lies to the court not knowing the consequences and digs a hole for John. This is one of the rare cases of Irony throughout the play and varies the methods Arthur used to keep it interesting. Once the court case has been shown the next main predicament is what John is to do. He has been given the opportunity to tell the Court of who has been lying in exchange for his life much like the HUAC cases. This only adds to the dilemma’s John is facing and turns to his wife. Here they are shown to have there first proper emotional, loving conversation. It is in contrast to the short, blunt, snappy conversation in Act 4 and lets them become closer. If anything this is the only positive to come out of John’s death penalty and can be looked upon with happiness. In then end he doesn’t sign the others names and shows that he can be a loyal puritan and a loyal friend. Most people see this as a selfless thing but he also does it to stay respected and not let others see he has lied. Elizabeth is then happy and I believe this is the reason she spoke to him with such depth. She knew what he was going to do and so respected him for it. His puritan lifestyle comes full circle as he dies pure and Elizabeth would of rather he died pure than lived falsely. What I believe the summary and the main plot for the Crucible to be is one mans inner struggle with his conscience and guilt. When first reading through it I thought the main focus was on witchcraft and judgement, but after reading and looking through key points several times I now have different thoughts. John Proctor is a tragic hero towards the start but in the end is loved as a hero. He made his choice and his wife stood by him. This was all that mattered and completed him. I think Millers intent upon this was to show us all that even though mistakes have been made in a life, it doesn’t ruin the life itself and instead enhances the options we can take to correct it.

Functionalist, conflict and the integrationist theories of education Essay

The functionalist theory looks more into the ways that universal education serves the needs of the society. On the other hand, the conflict theory focuses on the function of education as perpetuating inequality on the social aspect of life and boosting the power of those who are dominant within the society. The interactionist’s theory limits its analysis on education to what happens directly in a classroom setup, as it looks into the teacher’s expectation from the learner and how it affects the learner’s performance, attitude and perception (Rappa 1976). The relationship of each theory to education Functionalist theory; According to this theory, the latent role of education is that it brings people together. In other words it enhances socialization within the society among the different people from diverse cultures, languages, color, age and interests. Through the interactions, people get to learn from one another through the exchange of ideas and views regarding different areas of discussion. The other role of education is that it plays the role of passing down core values and social control within the society. Read more:Â  Functionalist Perspective on Social Institutions The conflict theory experts further insist on getting rid of modern exams, as according to them all tests contain a knowledge base which is always culturally sensitive. On the other hand, the Conflict theorists look at education not as a social benefit or opportunity, but as a powerful means of maintaining power structures and creating a docile work force for capitalism. The interactionists’ theory is relative to education in the sense that a teacher has more influence on the students within a classroom set up; therefore the performance of a student is majorly based on the teacher judgment and effort (Brubacher 1962) The perspective of each theory The functionalists see education as a means of transmitting or perpetuating the core educational values from one generation to another. Additionally, they consider education as an important factor in separating the learners putting the basis of this distinction as merit. The conflict theorists on the other hand see the educational system as perpetuating the status quo by dulling the lower classes into being obedient workers to the higher classes. The interactionists on the other hand, focus on the influence of the expectations of the teacher on the learner’s performance (Rappa 1976) Expectations of education from each theory The functionalists expect that universal education should serve the society by unifying the people within a society, and helping in transmitting the core values of the society. The conflict theorists expect that education will maintain inequality within the society, by preserving the power of those who are dominating the society. The interactionists’ expectations are that the teacher’s anticipation from the students should have an impact on their performance, regardless of its positive or negative nature (Rappa 1976). Comparison The functionalist and conflict theorists concur on that education is a tool to be used for sorting out the different learners. Further, the functionalists argue that schools sort students based on merit, while the conflict theorists argue that schools sort out students along class and tribal lines (Schon, 1983). The conflict theory puts more focus on competition between groups, while the functionalist theorists focus on balance and stability within a social system. Additionally, conflict theorists focus on society as made up of social relations characterized by inequality and change. Functionalism perceives the society as a complex phenomenon or system of interrelated parts working together to maintain the desired stability (Brubacher 1962) Analysis of personal selected philosophy and philosopher Aristotle; His philosophy is education for producing quality citizens who are virtuous. He further put consideration on human nature, habit and reason as the vital forces to be expected from and through education. For instance, he considered repetition to be a key tool towards the development of good habits; from the teacher’s systematic guidance of the different students (Schon, 1983). Aristotle put more weight on balancing the theoretical and practical aspects of the subjects taught. Additionally, he argues that the explicitly important subjects include reading, writing and mathematics. Based on the discussion, it can thus be considered that Aristotle’s thinking fits into the ideas of the functionalist theory (Rappa 1976). Conclusion Having discussed the different educational theories, it can be argued that these educational theoretical models are paramount as far as education is concerned, as they bring about an understanding of how different people perceive education. Further, it is through these differences that different people come together and reason towards reaching a solid conclusion, which contributes to an advancement in the field of education because trough discussions new ideas are established. Additionally, these theories help the members of society realize diversity in their thinking and perception of things. References Brubacher, S. (1962). Modem Philosophies of Education. New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Co. Pg 114 Rappa, S. (1976). Education in a Free Society: An American History. Philadelphia: David McKay Company Inc. pp 59 Schon, D. (1983). The reflective practitioner. New York: Basic Books.

Revision practice Essay

The revision changes recommended, in the darft states the topic sentence should directly address, the thesis as well as state the topic. Each paragraph should have an effective closing, that reinforces the main point. The revision changes also recommend, the thesis statement should be present, but don’t forget the essay which should begin with an entire. The introductory paragraph, should provide background information on the topic to the readers and grab the readers attention. When writing the supporting detail, for instance when using, learning style, it also means how each individual student learn best, it is best to try to write options for learning. Remember to organize the information in the parargraph, each paragraph should consist of at least five sentences of a topic sentence, and three supporting sentence, and a concluding sentence only in the first line of the paragraph, should be indented. Do not use first person pronouns like †i† in academic writing, also avoid using personal stories in, academic writing, these same ideas can still be convey without making it personal. Working on rewording the paragraph would help to highlight the, same benefits of the ideas, without describing a personal experience. Academic writing should be formal writing, and not informal writing. Avoid repetitive of words, keep conclusion short, it should be four sentence and focus on summarizing, the two or three of the most important main ideas from the essay. The revision changes recommended by, writepoint states when writing avoid leaving a space before a comma. Also remove comma before writing a restrictive phrase otherwise replace†that† with â€Å"which†. Don’t use lots in an essay without commercial words, the word lots is used only for commercial shipments and real estate, are measured in lots. To use â€Å"a lot of†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ means â€Å"many† â€Å"much† or a large amount†. Also recommended by writepoint for any academic writer, should not divide two-part verb beginning with has/ have/ had. The revision provided by plagiarism checker reports processed on, march 16 2012,the feedback states the slimilarity index, was 0%, internet sources 0%, publication 0%, and student papers n/a. 1. The topic sentence directly address the thesis, as well as states the topic, for instance, the topic sentence states, although students either can learn from online classroom or traditional classroom, online classroom is more flexible. 2. Each paragraph have an effective closing that reinforces the main point , for instance the main ideas are in the three paragraphs, for instance, learning styles, benefits, and cost of education. 3.  The essay is coherent, it flows with ideas smoothly, for instance, online learning and traditional learning, flow in order, one after the other this make the essay easy to understand. It flows from the beginning to the end, because the starting of the essay starts with the topic sentence and ends with the topic sentence, this allows the idea to flow after one another within the paragraph, and from paragraph to paragraph so the ideas can flow smoothly.  The essay flows from the beginning to the end, which starts with the introduction of the topic s entence in the beginning and to the end of the conclusion of the three main ideas, flows in order. 4. The order of the support is logical and effective, because it gives support to the essay, for instance, the essay giveS example of how student can balance work and school, the supporting detail, is how flexible online learning is, and how effective the support is states how student can balance school life and personal life, this makes the order of support logical and effective. . The essay provides strong evidence to support any opinions, the evidence to support the opinions is ,saves money on gas for car, due to no travel time, this allows saving time and money saving. 6. The essay reflects on the evidence and explain its importance, the evidence is student can benefit, the importance is student can save money and time, which do explain no travel time and also student don’t have to pay for parking, this allows students to save time and money. . The essay use strong transition between sentences and between paragraphs, the words and phrases shows how the ideas in the sentence and paragraph are related, for example, online learning style, is the transitions between traditional learning The next steps to be taken in the revision process, is to take out unnecessary words and replace weak words, with specific and appropriate wording, this helps the essay. Revision process, allows you to make changes to the first draft before you put the finishing touches, during the editing and proofreading stage. The revision process allows you to improve the draft before you start the editing process. The revision process, is the step when you, add, cut, move, or change information in order to make the ideas in the essay, more accurate, more interesting or more convincing. After revising the content, the next step is to do the editing. This allows you to examine the surface features of the content. The editing process, allows you to examine your spelling, grammer, usage of words, and punctuation in the darft. When editing, it helps you to use proper format when creating the finished essay. The revision process, overall allows you to, add, cut, move, or change information in order to make the ideas in the essay, more accurate, more interesting, or more convincing, when writing your essay.

Adolf Hitler Essays (1891 words) - Hitler Family, Antisemitism

Adolf Hitler Essays (1891 words) - Hitler Family, Antisemitism Adolf Hitler For the past week I have been researching three men, Joseph Stalin, Mao, and Adolf Hitler for an answer to a question; who is the most evil? Which, means that I had to think about what exactly was evil for me. Now the dictionary they have a simple definition for it, which is: morally reprehensible, sinful, wicked. But there could be so many different meanings, because there are many different people in the world. So, these three men were judged on my definition of evil. Evil to me is someone who consciously knows what there doing but still doesnt care, someone who purposely tries to cause destruction on other people, one who possibly thinks that they are somewhat of a messiah, and someone who manipulates people, especially children, into thinking that what they believe is what they are suppose to believe in a fight for. And after many articles, papers, direct quotes, and book scanning, I have come up with my answer. After getting into his mind, reading his thoughts, and listening to his speeches, I have to say Adolf Hitler. Killing people in it is evil but his manipulation, power, and demented thoughts, he acted on, terrified me. This man appalls me. Everything he represents and started repulses me. When I look at pictures of him I know in my heart that what I am looking at is pure evil, and thats why I know it is him that I am going to write about. Adolf Hitler was born at 6:30 p.m. on the evening of April 20, 1889; he was born in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn just across the border from German Bavaria. His father was Alois Hiedler, who earlier changed his name to Hitler, and was a retired from the Austrian civil service by the time Adolf was 6. Alois was used to giving orders and having the obeyed and also expected this from his children. Adolfs older brother was badly beaten by their father and by thirteen ran away, leaving Adolf to get the physical and mental abuse at the age of only 7. One day, Hitler went rummaging through his fathers book collection and came across several of a military nature, including a picture book on the War of 1870-1871 between the Germans and the French. By Hitlers own account this book became an obsession. He read it over and over, becoming convinced it had been a glorious event. It was not long before the great historic struggle had become my greatest spiritual experience. From then on, I became more and more enthusiastic about everything that was in any way connected with the war or, for that matter, with soldering. Hitler stated in his book Mein Kampf. At age 21 Adolf Hitler was homeless in Vienna and somewhat of an artists. Even before he came to Vienna, Hitler had a personality notable for its lack of empathy. Many historians have concluded Hitler suffered psychological distress partly brought on by an unhappy childhood notably his relationship with his father, a domineering, at times cruel man. In Vienna, and later, Hitler suffered bouts of depression. Other times he experienced extreme highs, only to by followed by a drop back into the depths. One consistent personality trait was the hysteria evident whenever someone displeased him. Hitlers personality has been described as basically hysterical in nature. This is where Hitler started to get thoughts about Jewish people. Hitler describes the transformation in his thinking regarding the Jews, as to begin with a chance meeting. Once, as I was strolling through the inner city, I suddenly encountered an apparition in a black caftan and black hair locks. Is this a Jew? Was my first thought. For, to be sure, they had not looked like that in Linz. I observed the man furtively and cautiously, but the longer I stared at this foreign face, scrutinizing feature for feature, the more my first question assumed a new for: is this a German? -Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf. To answer his own question, he immersed himself in anti-Semitic literature. Then he went out and studied Jews as they passed by. The more I saw, the more sharply they became distinguished in my eyes from the

Domestic Violence Theory Effects Interventions essays

Domestic Violence Theory Effects Interventions essays The female is, as it were, a mutilateda sort of natural deficiency. It is not appropriate in a female character to be manly or clever. The male is by nature superior and the female inferior." Domestic violence has been present in our society and an accepted practice of many cultures for hundreds of years. Up until the late 1800's, a man in this country had the right to chastise his wife until the practice was declared illegal in two states (Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence Manual, p. B-8). Old English Common Law allowed husbands to beat their wives provided that the stick they used was not thicker than his thumb; hence the phrase "Rule of Thumb"(Heart on a Chain [Video]). Although times have changed in this regard and laws have been enacted in order to protect women from abuse, the fact remains that acts of domestic violence occur every 15 seconds in the United States. Over the past two decades, extensive research has been done on the dynamics of domestic violence. Through this research, many of the aspects of domestic violence are better understood. Various researchers have theorized the causal mechanism behind domestic violence, have studied the characteristics of both the female victim and the male perpetrator, and have researched the effects on men, women, and the invisible victims of domestic violence: the children. Unfortunately, despite all that has been learned, domestic violence is still prevalent in today's society. The question is why? In an attempt to answer this question, this paper will present and discuss many of the theories of domestic abuse that have transpired as a result of years of research. Additionally, the emotional, psychological, and behavioral impact on the female victim and her children will be presented through the empirical evidence. Third, this paper will also present approaches to intervention strategies used with family members involved in violence. Finally, this pa...

Why did the British Government decide to evacuate children f essays

Why did the British Government decide to evacuate children f essays In 1939 Britain evacuate millions of children from its major cities and towns. Evacuate began on 1st September, roughly two days before Britain went to war. The Government wanted its children out of the way before the war started. Evacuation was voluntary, the Government expected over 3.5 million people to leave for the safety of the countryside. In fact, only 1.5 million did and, of those, 735,000 were children travelling alone. So, why did the Government undertake an extremely hard task to evacuate 3.5 million children in 1939? The first causes were long term starting at World War 1. In the beginning, the first ever reason for evacuation was at the end of World War 1. At the early stages of WW1 most important an aircrafts were airships that were huge bags of lighter-than-air hydrogen gas. The British mainly used these for escorting ships and for hunting German U-Boats. However, the German airships were much more advanced and widely used than ours, called Zeppelins that were able to fly much higher and faster. The Germans realised the potential of Zeppelins as bombers and the first raids hit British towns in early 1915. During the course of that war, 1400 civilians were killed in just over 100 raids. Even though this was a major turning point to the new type of Warfare, the Zeppelins could not carry enough bombs to do any serious damage, but did achieve psychological damage. The citizens of Britain, generally secure from enemy action for almost 1000 years, now found themselves vulnerable, and became m ore so with each advance in aviation technology. This was said that this War was the first ever Total war. I think that this cause was quite important because it was the first ever signs of evacuation and air raids. Even if Zeppelins had not of used bombs, than later someone like Hitler or another Germany President would have thought of doing it. By 1919 air technology had improved dramatically and f...

Free Essays on Fianlly Answered

My prayers have been answered, My dreams have come true, to actually realize that I am loving you. All my pain, and hurt is all of the past, forgiven, without any apologies. You should know my love is too strong, my love is too great, not something to be wasted, to be given up and taken for granted any given day. I am hooked on a feeling, something I need to confess, I hope you listen, it is for the best. I need to ask you, and I need to know, am I crazy for loving you, and wanting you so close? knowing that there is nothing to hide. From you I keep no secrets. I don’t just want anyone to hold, not just anyone to give my love to, I want you because you are beautiful to me, my love. I need you to be by my side to tell me the truth about what is deep inside. I would do that for you, I just hope there is a part of that in you too. I think of you, I dream of you at night, I pray, I allow myself to say I am alive, thank you. You are what I needed, the strength, the strength I get from you loving me. The thing you do to me. I want you to know I love your presence, your spirit around me. But, yet with your absence I view your picture in my mind and it’s difficult, I need to say when I miss you. Through being separated in our path of life, it makes me love you even more and also know it makes our love stronger to be faced with anything to come. You might need to take time to understand, but I already know that I am grateful for you. All I ask is to let me love you, to be in your heart as long fate allows, as long as God permits. I grow weaker to know you are mine and my heart has fallen faster to have found someone like you. Someone so special, finally received. Anything to be with you. Yes, my prayers have been answered, my dreams have come true, and how do I know? Well because I LOVE YOU!!!... Free Essays on Fianlly Answered Free Essays on Fianlly Answered My prayers have been answered, My dreams have come true, to actually realize that I am loving you. All my pain, and hurt is all of the past, forgiven, without any apologies. You should know my love is too strong, my love is too great, not something to be wasted, to be given up and taken for granted any given day. I am hooked on a feeling, something I need to confess, I hope you listen, it is for the best. I need to ask you, and I need to know, am I crazy for loving you, and wanting you so close? knowing that there is nothing to hide. From you I keep no secrets. I don’t just want anyone to hold, not just anyone to give my love to, I want you because you are beautiful to me, my love. I need you to be by my side to tell me the truth about what is deep inside. I would do that for you, I just hope there is a part of that in you too. I think of you, I dream of you at night, I pray, I allow myself to say I am alive, thank you. You are what I needed, the strength, the strength I get from you loving me. The thing you do to me. I want you to know I love your presence, your spirit around me. But, yet with your absence I view your picture in my mind and it’s difficult, I need to say when I miss you. Through being separated in our path of life, it makes me love you even more and also know it makes our love stronger to be faced with anything to come. You might need to take time to understand, but I already know that I am grateful for you. All I ask is to let me love you, to be in your heart as long fate allows, as long as God permits. I grow weaker to know you are mine and my heart has fallen faster to have found someone like you. Someone so special, finally received. Anything to be with you. Yes, my prayers have been answered, my dreams have come true, and how do I know? Well because I LOVE YOU!!!...

Critical Analysis of a Research Paper

Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper: Helpful Tips Making of critical analysis of research papers may possess some difficulties for students. First of all, it is because you should not only study a research paper you have to analyze but also have at least some general knowledge about an issue that is investigated in it. Otherwise, how can you define strong and weak points of this work? Of course, to make good discussion of the issue you should be aware of this issue. Besides, when writing your critical analysis of a research paper you should take into account that the style of your analysis should correspond, to some extent, to that of the research paper it is written on. Although there are certain requirements to writing of assignment analysis it goes without saying that the style of analyzing of a poem, for example, is rather different from that of analyzing of a research paper. Thus, if you are provided with an assignment to write critical analysis of a research paper you s hould do your best in order to cope with such a task! Critical Analysis of a Research Paper: Nota Bene! When writing critical analysis of a research paper keep in mind the following information:It is obvious that before getting down to your critical analysis of a research paper you should study the research paper you are going to analyze. But first of all, you should study the subject it focuses on. So, find and study some information on the issue. You should get the point to make really thorough analysis. After studying the issue in question read the research paper. You may make some notes or consult some informational sources on the issue. Remember: good critical analysis is based on the deep studying of the subject. Your critical analysis should be thorough. But if it covers the whole research paper, you will not be able to put it into several pages. Be sure of that! So, you should concentrate your analysis on a certain point. Your work will be small but deep in thi s case. Thus, after studying the research paper and all necessary additional information you should point out an aspect that seems to be the most interesting for analyzing. Put it in the form of a thesis statement. Pay attention that it should depict fully the subject of your critical analysis. When thinking over your analysis make an outline containing the main points that you want to dwell on. That will help you make your work well-structured. Pay attention to your writing style. Avoid slang elements, jargon, idioms and other colloquial units.Be sure that this information will help you cope with your critical analysis of a research paper.

Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society

Sociolinguistics - Language, Dialects and Society Language is central to social interaction in every society, regardless of location and time period. Language and social interaction have a reciprocal relationship: language shapes social interactions and social interactions shape language. What is Sociolinguistics? Sociolinguistics is the study of the connection between language and society and the way people use language in different social situations. It asks the question, How does language affect the social nature of human beings, and how does social interaction shape language? It ranges greatly in depth and detail, from the study of dialects across a given region to the analysis of the way men and women speak to each other in certain situations. The basic premise of sociolinguistics is that language is variable and ever-changing. As a result, language is not uniform or constant. Rather, it is varied and inconsistent for both the individual user and within and among groups of speakers who use the same language. People adjust the way they talk to their social situation. An individual, for instance, will speak differently to a child than he or she will to their college professor. This socio-situational variation is sometimes called register and depends no only on the occasion and relationship between the participants, but also on the participants’ region, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and gender. One way that sociolinguists study language is through dated written records. They examine both hand-written and printed documents to identify how language and society have interacted in the past. This is often referred to as historical sociolinguistics: the study of the relationship between changes in society and changes in language over time. For example, historical sociolinguists have studied the use and frequency of the pronoun thou in dated documents and found that its replacement with the word you is correlated with changes in class structure in 16th and 17th century England. Sociolinguists also commonly study dialect, which is the regional, social, or ethnic variation of a language. For example, the primary language in the United States is English. People who live in the South, however, often vary in the way they speak and the words they use compared to people who live in the Northwest, even though it is all the same language. There are different dialects of English, depending on what region of the country you are in. What Sociolinguists Study Researchers and scholars are currently using sociolinguistics to examine some interesting questions about language in the United States: There is vowel shift occurring in the North, in which pattered alterations to vowels is occurring in certain words. For example, many people in Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago are now pronouncing bat like bet and bet like but. Who is changing the pronunciation of these vowels, why are they changing it, and why/how is it spreading?What parts of African American Vernacular English grammar are being used by white middle-class teenagers? For example, white adolescents might compliment a peer’s clothes by saying, she money, a phrase associated with African Americans.What will be the impact on language in Louisiana due to the loss of monolingual French speakers in the Cajun region of Southern Louisiana? Will the French features of language be sustained even when these French speakers are gone?What slang terms do younger generations use to show their affiliation with certain subgroups and to distinguish themselves from their parents’ generation? For example, in the ea rly 2000s, teenagers described things that they enjoyed as cool, money, tight, or sweet, but definitely not swell, which is what their parents would have said when they were teenagers. Which words are pronounced differently according to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or race/ethnicity? For instance, African Americans often pronounce certain words differently than whites. Likewise, some words are pronounced differently depending on whether the person speaking was born after World War II or before.Which vocabulary words vary by region and time, and what are the different meanings associated with certain words? For example, in Southern Louisiana, a certain breakfast dish is often called lost bread while in other parts of the country, it is called French toast. Similarly, which words have changed over time? Frock, for instance, used to refer to a woman’s dress, while today frock is rarely used. Sociolinguists study many other issues as well. For instance, they often examine the values that hearers place on variations in language, the regulation of linguistic behavior, language standardization, and educational and governmental policies concerning language. References Eble, C. (2005). What is Sociolinguistics?: Sociolinguistics Basics. pbs.org/speak/speech/sociolinguistics/sociolinguistics/.

The effectiveness of Chemical Compounds in Brassica vegetables in the Essay

The effectiveness of Chemical Compounds in Brassica vegetables in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer - Essay Example The chemical compounds in vegetables known to treat and prevent cancer include phytochemicals, isoprenoids and pigments (Govind & Madhuri, 2011). Vegetable pigments in particular – flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins – are the main chemical components of Brassica vegetables, the group of vegetables known to significantly prevent the occurrence of one of the deadliest cancers in the body – colorectal cancer (Cartea et al. 251). In fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, colorectal cancer is the second leading cancer killer in the United States, after lung cancer and preceding breast cancer (â€Å"Colorectal Cancer,† 2011). The antioxidant properties of various chemicals called flavonoids in Brassica vegetables prevent colon cancer as well as other forms of cancer, thus there is a need to take a closer look at these chemicals. Chemicals in Brassica Vegetables and their Benefits in Colorectal Cancer Prevention The over 3,500 sp ecies of Brassica or cruciferous vegetables include those from the family Brassicaceae or Cruciferae – kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, turnip, oilseed, and mustard (Cartea et al., 2011). These vegetables contain a number of chemicals such as vitamins, fiber, soluble sugars, minerals, carotenoids, glucosinolates, minerals and most of all, phenolic compounds (Cartea et al., 2011). Additionally, folic acid and selenium may also be present (Kumar & Andy, 2011). It is, however, the phenolics that account for the anti-cancer properties of Brassica vegetables (Cartea et al., 2011). There are around 8,000 naturally-occurring phenolic compounds with at least one aromatic ring and one or more hydroxyl groups attached to it (Cartea et al., 2011). Among the most widespread of the phenolics are the flavonoids, which contain 15 carbons with two aromatic rings connected by a three-carbon bridge (Cartea et al., 2011). The flavonoids act as scavengers of free radicals and inhibit hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes (Kumar & Andy, 2011). The free radicals eliminated by flavonoids include hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and lipid peroxy radicals (Kumar & Andy, 2011). These radicals rob the body of the oxygen needed to promote a cancer-free internal environment. Moreover, flavonoids are also anti-inflammatory (Kumar & Andy, 2011). Flavonoids reduce the number of immobilized leucocytes that result from injury to the tissues during a disease, which then leads to decrease in total serum complement – a mechanism associated with a reduction in inflammation of the tissue (Nijveldt et al., 2001). The most widespread type of flavonoids are the flavonols and it is this particular subtype that is particularly the anti-cancer components of Brassica vegetables (Cartea, et al., 2011). The most common of the flavonols are quercetin and kaempferol, which are richest in amount in the leaves (Cartea et al., 2011). More specifically, quercetin, which is also found in French bean and red and yellow piyaz, has been known for its anticarcinogenic properties (Govind & Madhuri, 2011). Figure 1. Quercetin (http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=445) Figure 2. Kaempferol (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Kaempferol.png) Among the Brassica vegetables, it is red cabbage that has the highest antioxidant content and this is closely followed by green cabbage, mustard

Data mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data mining - Essay Example The predictive model work measures predictive scores based on the company’s data (Han et al, 2011). The predictive scores produced by the predictive analytics helps to increase the customer responses during the strategized marketing campaigns. The predictive score also helps in increasing the conversions and clicks, which in turn, help in decreasing the associated churns. Associations discovery in products sold to customers The dynamism of the market has led to the influence on the way the business interacts with their customers. The contemporary market bears no guarantee for the loyalty of a customer. This situation has led to the use of data mining in allowing for associations discovery on the goods sold to the customers. Association discovery consist of rules that use an antecedent (if) and a consequent (then) which represent items associated to the obtained customer’s data (Vaidya et al, 2006). The â€Å"if† is found in the data while â€Å"then† repre sent an item, which is in integration with the antecedent. The association rules works through analysing the if/then patterns yielded by the customers. The organization then records the patterns to help in identifying the most important relationships. The criteria used involve marking a either pattern as â€Å"support† or â€Å"confidence†. These criteria are important in studying the behavior of the consumer towards the products of any given organization. The association rules can be applicable in product clustering, catalog design and store layout (Han et al, 2011). Web mining to discover business intelligence from Web customers Web mining is an important application for data mining helping to study the web patterns. This application is important to organizations, which would like to discover then behavior of the web customers. Web mining works through gathering information from the websites using the traditional data mining whereby there is integration of data obtai ned from the interaction of the potential customers around the web. Web mining presents the business community with the ability to apply intelligent marketing strategies because of the knowledge about the customers. It helps the business to establish a close relationship with the website customers because of the satisfactory analysis on the market. Clustering to find related customer information Clustering in data mining is an important activity for businesses, which helps the latter to find various customers with similar taste to each other. It works through clustering data objects having same attributes concerning the market trend. Through clustering, the firms are able to select high-quality clusters that have low inter-cluster similarity and high intra-cluster similarity. This means that the more similarity between members of a cluster than to a member of another cluster. The process of selecting the clusters in the market is useful in situations where there are many cases with no grouping. The use of clustering algorithms helps in finding the natural groupings. QUESTION 2 Reliability of data mining algorithms The data mining algorithm reliability can be accessed through analysing how they create the data models from a given data. The algorithms are reliable because of the study of specific trends about a given data. The obtained result about the trend helps in identifying the optimal parameters required for the creation of data mining models. The presented optimal parameters helps in deducting appropriate patterns and statistics required for the given

Music paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Music paper - Essay Example atthews band applies tragic irony, paradox that is representational and imagery in a bid to express the infinite struggle by human beings in pursuit of joy and the horrific occurrences underlying the extent of discontent in the society (Wvu.edu). Additionally, the Matthew’s band inculcates multiple techniques in order to express their notions. They apply the concealed devices that allude to the other techniques through the entire masterpiece. They apply paradoxical statements, irony and oxymoron to expound on their notions. In a bid to express a contradictory notion, the band inculcates ironic imagery, paradox and mood departure as a refrain to express their sentiments in the song (Hayes). Notably, the application of imagery in the song kicks off in the beginning of the song where a picture of kids lying in a magnificent park on a beautiful day with sun shining on the grass is displayed. Then, the imagery translates immediately to that of a siren blaring and a house blazing (Wvu.edu). This notion of imagery is purely ironic since a listener does not imagine of houses blazing and a beautiful day occurring consecutively. The emergent contrast between the two instances is pertinent. Another instance of ironic imagery is in the 3rd verse where two different people are involved, one enjoying a meal and the other starving. The eventual instance of ironic imagery is the one in the sixth verse where it espouses a kid trekking ten miles to school while another drops out (Lildrizzle). Mood is somehow a longer lasting emotion or feeling that differs from simple feelings in that they are not as intense and specific. The refrain inculcates a mood departure by altering the melody and the notions depicted in the song, comparing them to the present day life (Wvu.edu). The refrain happens both in the middle and towards the end of the song. It alters the mood completely since the music increases tempo and the words are projected closer together for the need of implying that

Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy Assignment

Integrated Marketing Communications Strategy - Assignment Example We target males and females ageing between 13 to 21 in eastern Canada. In order to create awareness and drive sales for our product, we need to create an integrated marketing communication strategy. Body Integrated marketing communication strategy refers to coordinating and integrating various communication channels of the company in order to deliver a consistent, clear, compelling message about the company and its products. It refers to recognize all such touch points where the customer can encounter the company and its brands. Each contact with the brand will give a message, good, bad or indifferent. The company will want to deliver a positive and consistent message with each of the contacts. It will lead to total marketing communication strategy which will aim at building stronger relationships with customer by showing how the customers can get help to solve their problems from the company and its products. The integrated marketing communication strategy will make a tie of the com pany’s images and messages. A blended mix of the promotion tools can be used for promoting our company’s products. It can be advertising, personal selling, public relations, direct marketing and sales promotion. Now a day, customers get bombarded with the messages of company from all directions. The company’s print advertisement and television will have the same look, message; feel similar to its personal selling communication and email. The material of its public relation will project the same image like its social network presence and website. Under the plan of overall marketing communication unique roles played by different media must be coordinated carefully by the company in order to attract, inform and persuade consumers. It must coordinate all the touch points of customers for ensuring clear brand messages. Provided with a marketing budget of $1million for 6 month period, different kind of promotion tool can be used according to the following allocation: Advertising $0.40 million, personal selling $0.20 million, public relation $ 0.18 million, direct marketing $0.10 million, sales promotion $0.12 million. More spending should be made towards advertising as advertising is a very good form of informing and persuading customers about a company’s products. It is a paid form of non personal promotion and presentation of goods, services and ideas by an identified sponsor. Advertising can be informative, persuasive and reminder. Creating an advertising strategy needs two major elements. It consists of creating advertising messages and selecting a media for advertisement. Public relation is another promotion tool which aims at building good relations with various publics of company by building up a good corporate image, obtaining publicity, handling off unfavorable stories, rumors and events. Several tools can be used for public relation like news, speeches, special events, written materials, audiovisual materials, corporate identity materials, public service activities, marketing campaigns and social networking processes. Personal selling is an interpersonal arm of promotional mix. Through the process of personal selling, the sales people of a company communicate and create customer value through personal interaction with the customers. It is a form of personal presentation by the sales force of firm for the purpose of boosting up sales and to build relationship with

Business - Organizational Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business - Organizational Communication - Essay Example Organizational communication takes place horizontally, downward and upward. Downward communication takes place from executive and managerial levels to the other staff through formal channels like organizational charts, policy manuals and rules and regulations. Upward communication takes place from the members of staff to the managers, and mainly, inform of a request or a complaint. Horizontal communication flows among colleagues, especially in a meeting, where they share information, discuss issues of common interest and resolve problems. The paragraphs below discuss the importance of organizational change and issues involved by managers in creating effective organizational communication. Organizational communication is highly essential because it improves the relationship between employees and managers in an organization. This is because; it becomes extremely hard for employees to perform their work effectively without proper communication from the manager. The manager should use th e correct channels of communication, and know what he expects from the communication channel used. Indeed, most management issues arise in organizations due to ineffective communication. Proper communication system minimizes misunderstanding and misrepresentation (Smith & Turner, 1995). Organizational communication is a key tool for motivation among the employees since it improves the employees’ morale. Lack of communication or inappropriate communication in every organization causes conflicts between the employees and managers. Inappropriate communication issue is one of the major causes of conflict in the work places and eventually leads to low morale for the employees. Therefore, managers should state clearly to employees on what should be done, how perfectly it should be done, and what can be done to improve the performance. The manager can do this by clarifying to the employees the relationship between personal and company’s objectives, and incorporate the interes t of the two. Effective communication within an organization leads to productivity increase. Proper communication enhances good human relation in every company because it encourages suggestions and ideas from workers and employees. Importantly, the organization is encouraged to implement the suggestions, and this increases production at a remarkably low cost. Organizational communication enables employees to submit their comments, work reports, suggestions and grievances to the management. Speedy and effective communication is highly essential because procedures and policies should be clear to avoid confusion, delays and misunderstandings, and; therefore, harmony is established in all departments, and among all people. Written communication is better in an organization than oral communication. Communication in written form should be clear and concise to avoid misinterpretation. Written communication can be used for future reference because it provides a permanent record and gives a chance to employees on writing down their suggestions and comments. Organizational communication is essential since it allows rationalization. Simply, the management clarifies and explains instructions in a way that employees can comprehend, using downward communication. On the other hand, upward communication in an organization enables workers to air their views to the management. If an employee identifies a problem in motivation, for instance, he or she may use upward

Centralizing Ciscos IT Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Centralizing Ciscos IT Planning - Case Study Example Boston thought of fixing already operational data and infrastructure in order to assist the organization waste time and money on new applications. Additionally, achieving a cross-functional IT environment could be impossible to achieve in case teams would be allowed to continue using customized software and tools. The second action by Boston involved prioritizing organizational IT platform projects. A list of â€Å"Inhibitors† was used by each function to assist in selecting vital strategic initiatives. it is noteworthy that this action of Boston guided Cisco identify three vital enterprise projects which include upgrading the Oracle ERP system, establishing an enterprise reporting and business intelligence solution, and developing a â€Å"single source of truth† customer database (â€Å"e-customer†) (Mcafee, Mcfarlan & Wagonfeld 5). The second action of Boston was vital for organization performance in the sense that it reduced minimizing time wasting and confusion associated with the sources of customer data. Boston realized that there were many irrelevant data in the organization that needed to be cleared up (Kharif). Boston’s third initiative focused on developing a new funding process for all the organization’s IT projects. Before Boston took a leadership role in Cisco each function in the organization used to control, their own IT decisions including funding and this system had been an operation for close to a decade. However, Boston thought of centralizing funding system for the IT projects as a bold move towards linking multiple functions together. BPOC was instituted in 2002 as a high-level advisory committee to the organization in respect to matters of enterprise-wide productivity and prioritized organizational issues. Member of the BPOC was drawn from senior executives representing major organization functions.  

Marshalls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marshalls - Assignment Example Indeed, shopping at Marshalls is a hectic and tedious process that consumes a lot of time. As such, finding the right item and in the right size is always a big challenge to the customers (TBF, 2011). This paper therefore proposes that Marshalls adapt a new in-store technology to serve customers faster and more efficiently, handheld devices for employees, use of item-level RFID to better track, and manage its inventory. Consequently, I will consider Macy’s shoes department as an example. To achieve this, I will detail all the benefits of this technology and the approximate cost of installing this technology in Marshalls. Indeed, the Macy's has adopted the recent technology to enhance store shopping. Indeed, the Macy’s technology seeks to expand online inventory and store-to-door fulfillment capabilities. The system is Wi-Fi enabled in brick-and-mortar stores. Additionally, the system uses item-level RFID to better track and manage the inventory. It also collaborates wit h Google to facilitate store maps and mobile-enabled payment. As such, the Macy's can be a very significant technology in perfecting the shopping experience in Marshalls. The device is significantly portable due to its remote control-size. The clerk takes a quick scan of a bar code on the shoe, types in the customer's size and the machine subsequently establishes whether the store has the shoe in stock. This promotes a masterpiece in the shopping experience. This facilitates instant service to the customer without the clerk not physically going to the back room to check the availability of the reference item (Clough, 2012). Indeed, the device can instantly search for the item in the context of type, name, and size without running to the back room. The device therefore speedup service, improves convenience and portability. The device equally sends a message to a subordinate staff in the back room informing him of the customer’s choice and even proposing the closet door for the worker to deliver the item to the customer. More so, the device allows for time saving in serving one customer thus allowing the clerk to serve more customers especially during weekends and holidays. Indeed, the clerk can use the saved time to introduce the first customer to other options thus increasing customer base. The system equally allows the customers to view various products online on the screen as well as allowing them to touch the real items. As such, the device allows the company to display more merchandise that floor space or inventory limits. Moreover, the Google maps partnership allows the customers to navigate the stores and enable tap-and-go mobile payments through the Google Wallet (Giannopoulos, 2012). As such, this device has enormous benefits that can add value to Marshalls Company. This would highly facilitate effective service to the customers in a faster and more convenient manner. It will similarly help Marshalls to better track, and manage its inventory. Mo re so, it will accord service to more customers, enable the workers to work effectively, and generally improve sales turnover in Marshalls. Nevertheless, the installation of such a device at the Marshalls Company is a costly affair. Indeed, in accompany with branches worldwide and resounding numbers of customers, kit would re4quire to have a device for every

Biomechanics of a Sporting Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Biomechanics of a Sporting Movement - Essay Example Biomechanics explains and describes and even predicts the mechanical side of human sports, exercises and play body movements. Biomechanics usually studies the mechanics of living things, including the forces that exerted by muscles and gravity on the animal's skeletal framework. Some examples of Biomechanics researches include the study of forces that is exerted on a bird's wings, the aerodynamics of a flying bird or insect, the beauty of a fish swimming in the water and the locomotion in animals and plants. Biomechanics of human beings falls under the study of Kinesiology. People sometimes wonder why the shark swims faster than its prey. In sports, there is a need for coaches and trainers that aid the athletes excel in their sports thru the study of biomechanics. This essay shows technically what biomechanics and how it helps the athlete win tournaments. BIOMECHANICS (Mccomb, 2004) is concerned with the application of physic's law of mechanics to living organisms just as they affect non-living things. The structural stresses of the branch of a tree and the reasons why sharks and dolphins swim faster than other fishes is an example of biomechanics study. The scientific mechanics law explains the effect that certain movements that a high jumper has on the amount and beauty of water displaced during water entry in a swimming pool contest. ... The scientific mechanics law explains the effect that certain movements that a high jumper has on the amount and beauty of water displaced during water entry in a swimming pool contest. In physics, we are taught, using the mechanics law, reasons why a piece of wood slides in such a particular way. Biomechanics (Massimino , 1997) seeks to explain the mechanical cause and effect relationship of plants, animals and human beings. Biomechanics explains and describes and even predicts the mechanical side of human sports, exercises and play body movements. Biomechanics (Greeves, 2002) usually studies the mechanics of living things, including the forces that exerted by muscles and gravity on the animal's skeletal framework. Some examples of Biomechanics (Lee, 1993) researches include the study of forces that is exerted on a bird's wings, the aerodynamics of a flying bird or insect, the beauty of a fish swimming in the water and the locomotion in animals and plants. Biomechanics of human bein gs falls under the study of Kinesiology. BIOMECHANICS OF THE SOCCER KICK. Soccer is a very popular sport around the world. The soccer game revolves around the KICK. The soccer Kick is also used in other popular sports like Rugby league and union, Australian rule Football, grid iron football, Gaelic Football, American Football and also beach volleyball. There are names given to the different soccer kicks are PLACE KICK, SOCCER -STYLE KICK, and the ROUND THE CORNER KICK. Physiology and development. Although the soccer kick lasts for only a few seconds, the intensity force and angle of the anaerobic metabolic pathway produces the kick thereby causing the ball to travel fast, slow, high, low, left or right which causes uproars and clap from the fans.Adenosine

Journal write whats on your mind Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal write whats on your mind - Assignment Example I felt weak and I wanted to get better much faster. Each day I woke up, I was asking myself, when will be over? Soon enough, I recovered, though for two weeks after that, I lost weight because of the trauma of the stomach flu that affected my appetite. Stomach flu is such a terrible disease to get during summer. I felt I wasted so much time on such a horrible illness. I am happy to be graduating soon. I feel that I will have greater independence in college and I have more opportunities to develop different and new knowledge and skills. Still, I am also fearful. What should I take in college? Why should I take it? Do I really know who I want to be when I grow up? I do not know the answers yet. I am in the process of understanding what I want and what I need. I want a degree that will help me fight for my real dreams. What are my dreams anyway? I have to think about college further and consider many options. Sometimes, having too many options is not that good. It takes me to make decisions longer. It makes me feel unsure of decisions that I already made. On the contrary, having many options means freedom too. It gives me the freedom to consider other opportunities in life. Oh what to do in college? I am unsure. I know I must be a good time-management person because I have a social life despite being busy in school. Sometimes, I have to admit I neglect school activities because I choose to do my extra-curricular activities or family and friend activities. I want to enjoy my life, but I do not want to have poor school grades. I am aware of my grades and I want to make my parents happy through high grades. High grades tell them I appreciate their hard work and sacrifice and that I want to make them feel proud of me. What I do to balance different activities is I try to schedule my time among these activities. I set aside time for school assignments and then time for family, friends and other things I want to do. I would love to be active in sports too or

Film responses 11 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film responses 11 - Movie Review Example The camera tilts from the middle of the tree trunk downwards to show Tajà ´maru at the roots of another big tree. The long shot shows him in natural sunlight. The camera cuts to a long shot that focuses on his body only and a small surrounding space to show part of the tree and the grass on the ground. It makes him look as wild as his surroundings. The musical background is used to amplify the menacing nature of Tajà ´maru. The mise-en-scene shows his tattered clothing with his sword and messy hair. He looks like a slob, which fits the personality of an uneducated bandit. The way he sleeps indicates his arrogance too. The camera dollies to the right of Tajà ´maru to show the road at his side. The samurai and his wife are approaching in broad daylight. The light on the couple contrasts with the darkness on Tajà ´maru. The lighting signifies on the darkness and goodness of people. The scene cuts to a medium shot of the samurai but a full shot of his veiled wife. The background show s the woods, signifying their isolation. Their gentle movements, costume and hair signify their social class and breeding. The camera cuts to Tajà ´maru in medium shot. The dry bark of the tree is clear from behind. Patches of sunlight are piercing through the leaves to show his face. He looks bored and uninterested with the couple. He sees the wife but her veil hides her. He lazily scratches his body. The next cut is a wide long shot that reveals a dark tree at the middle, Tajà ´maru at the left and the couple at the right. The samurai is shown as acting on defense with a long shot from his waist up. He gets ready if the stranger Tajà ´maru strikes him. It shows the samurai as a careful fellow, someone who will also protect his wife’s honor. The men look at each other but Tajà ´maru’s closes his eyes lazily. The background music adds a chiming effect as the shadows of the leaves on Tajà ´maru’s body shows them being moved by the wind. He wakes up and opens his eyes

Marshalls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marshalls - Assignment Example Indeed, shopping at Marshalls is a hectic and tedious process that consumes a lot of time. As such, finding the right item and in the right size is always a big challenge to the customers (TBF, 2011). This paper therefore proposes that Marshalls adapt a new in-store technology to serve customers faster and more efficiently, handheld devices for employees, use of item-level RFID to better track, and manage its inventory. Consequently, I will consider Macy’s shoes department as an example. To achieve this, I will detail all the benefits of this technology and the approximate cost of installing this technology in Marshalls. Indeed, the Macy's has adopted the recent technology to enhance store shopping. Indeed, the Macy’s technology seeks to expand online inventory and store-to-door fulfillment capabilities. The system is Wi-Fi enabled in brick-and-mortar stores. Additionally, the system uses item-level RFID to better track and manage the inventory. It also collaborates wit h Google to facilitate store maps and mobile-enabled payment. As such, the Macy's can be a very significant technology in perfecting the shopping experience in Marshalls. The device is significantly portable due to its remote control-size. The clerk takes a quick scan of a bar code on the shoe, types in the customer's size and the machine subsequently establishes whether the store has the shoe in stock. This promotes a masterpiece in the shopping experience. This facilitates instant service to the customer without the clerk not physically going to the back room to check the availability of the reference item (Clough, 2012). Indeed, the device can instantly search for the item in the context of type, name, and size without running to the back room. The device therefore speedup service, improves convenience and portability. The device equally sends a message to a subordinate staff in the back room informing him of the customer’s choice and even proposing the closet door for the worker to deliver the item to the customer. More so, the device allows for time saving in serving one customer thus allowing the clerk to serve more customers especially during weekends and holidays. Indeed, the clerk can use the saved time to introduce the first customer to other options thus increasing customer base. The system equally allows the customers to view various products online on the screen as well as allowing them to touch the real items. As such, the device allows the company to display more merchandise that floor space or inventory limits. Moreover, the Google maps partnership allows the customers to navigate the stores and enable tap-and-go mobile payments through the Google Wallet (Giannopoulos, 2012). As such, this device has enormous benefits that can add value to Marshalls Company. This would highly facilitate effective service to the customers in a faster and more convenient manner. It will similarly help Marshalls to better track, and manage its inventory. Mo re so, it will accord service to more customers, enable the workers to work effectively, and generally improve sales turnover in Marshalls. Nevertheless, the installation of such a device at the Marshalls Company is a costly affair. Indeed, in accompany with branches worldwide and resounding numbers of customers, kit would re4quire to have a device for every

Biomechanics of a Sporting Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Biomechanics of a Sporting Movement - Essay Example Biomechanics explains and describes and even predicts the mechanical side of human sports, exercises and play body movements. Biomechanics usually studies the mechanics of living things, including the forces that exerted by muscles and gravity on the animal's skeletal framework. Some examples of Biomechanics researches include the study of forces that is exerted on a bird's wings, the aerodynamics of a flying bird or insect, the beauty of a fish swimming in the water and the locomotion in animals and plants. Biomechanics of human beings falls under the study of Kinesiology. People sometimes wonder why the shark swims faster than its prey. In sports, there is a need for coaches and trainers that aid the athletes excel in their sports thru the study of biomechanics. This essay shows technically what biomechanics and how it helps the athlete win tournaments. BIOMECHANICS (Mccomb, 2004) is concerned with the application of physic's law of mechanics to living organisms just as they affect non-living things. The structural stresses of the branch of a tree and the reasons why sharks and dolphins swim faster than other fishes is an example of biomechanics study. The scientific mechanics law explains the effect that certain movements that a high jumper has on the amount and beauty of water displaced during water entry in a swimming pool contest. ... The scientific mechanics law explains the effect that certain movements that a high jumper has on the amount and beauty of water displaced during water entry in a swimming pool contest. In physics, we are taught, using the mechanics law, reasons why a piece of wood slides in such a particular way. Biomechanics (Massimino , 1997) seeks to explain the mechanical cause and effect relationship of plants, animals and human beings. Biomechanics explains and describes and even predicts the mechanical side of human sports, exercises and play body movements. Biomechanics (Greeves, 2002) usually studies the mechanics of living things, including the forces that exerted by muscles and gravity on the animal's skeletal framework. Some examples of Biomechanics (Lee, 1993) researches include the study of forces that is exerted on a bird's wings, the aerodynamics of a flying bird or insect, the beauty of a fish swimming in the water and the locomotion in animals and plants. Biomechanics of human bein gs falls under the study of Kinesiology. BIOMECHANICS OF THE SOCCER KICK. Soccer is a very popular sport around the world. The soccer game revolves around the KICK. The soccer Kick is also used in other popular sports like Rugby league and union, Australian rule Football, grid iron football, Gaelic Football, American Football and also beach volleyball. There are names given to the different soccer kicks are PLACE KICK, SOCCER -STYLE KICK, and the ROUND THE CORNER KICK. Physiology and development. Although the soccer kick lasts for only a few seconds, the intensity force and angle of the anaerobic metabolic pathway produces the kick thereby causing the ball to travel fast, slow, high, low, left or right which causes uproars and clap from the fans.Adenosine

Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Research Paper

Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings - Research Paper Example It is important to consider the roles of the females in her life as well as those of the males. She seems to gather her greatest resources from the female society of relatives and friends, and she likewise strengthens her strong female affinities as a result of the negative relationships and experiences she finds in most of the male characters. Knowledge is passed to Maya through the female mother figures in her life; this includes her mother, her grandmothers, and Mrs. Flowers. Her first and foremost female relationship, as depicted in Caged Bird, with her paternal grandmother, Annie Henderson, whom Maya and her brother Bailey call Momma. The young siblings are shipped to Momma, in Stamps, Arkansas, by their parents. It is she who raises them during their early childhood years in this rural southern setting of the early 1930's. Momma is known as a good-looking woman, but Maya sees her through different eyes. "I saw only her power and strength. She was taller than any woman in my personal world, and her hands were so large they could span my head from ear to ear" (46). Momma had been married three times. She had two sons, one of whom is Maya's father, Bailey, Sr. Maya accepts Momma as a mother figure and role model. She teaches Maya through her words and through her actions. Maya learns from Momma how racism plays a part in their lives and how to handle and recognize it (47). An important tribute in the book to Momma's strength is how she deals with the "powhitetrash" girls who come up to the store and taunt her. They mock her stance and her facial expressions, and then one girl does a handstand, and in so doing reveals her lack of undergarments. Momma stands her ground in the face of this insult, and though seemingly powerless, she finds her strength within her will. She wills herself to rise above the whole scene. Not unlike her slave ancestors, she sings and hums in the face of adversity (32,33) Momma tells Maya to wash the tears from her face. And as Maya complies she observes, ''Whatever the contest had been out front, I knew Momma had won" (33). Already, the author recognizes the power, strength, and spirit of her grandmother and appreciates her life and teachings. "Her world was bordered on all sides with work, duty, religion and 'her place.' I do n't think she ever knew that a deep-brooding love hung over everything she touched" (57). In her work, "The Grandmother in African and African/American Literature," Mildred Hill-Lubin discusses Grandmother Henderson and others like her. Hill-Lubin calls these women the "sheroes" of the time (p. 266). She talks about how the African family has suffered under the burden of slavery and colonialism. However, she feels that the reason for its perseverance and survival is the grandmother. The grandmother's role, function and importance can be traced to the revered status, position, and responsibilities which elders hold in West African society (Hill-Lubin 258). The grandmother often maintained a household which consisted of her unmarried or married children and of her grandchildren; in this way the resources were pooled. The 1930's was a period of rough times, and there wasn't enough money for individuals to live separately. Consequently, some would strike out on their own, as did Maya's parents, and the childrearing was left to the grandmother. She had to be tough and strong in order to pull things together in so many ways for the entire family' Both of Maya's grandmothers are "strong, independent, skillful women who are able to manage their